Update Japanese pages.
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@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ This is a collection of grammar that I use to glimpse over in order to remember
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---
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## 文法
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* これは紙を切る[のに](./tameni-youni-noni#のに)使うはさみです。 These scissors are used <Jps colour="c1" text="to"/> cut paper.
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---
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「使っといて」: This is colloquial and means "having used" or "using and leaving it in that state,".
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「食べといた」: This means "ate it in advance" or "ate it beforehand," suggesting the speaker ate it in preparation for something.
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@ -55,4 +61,7 @@ This is a collection of grammar that I use to glimpse over in order to remember
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---
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「乗れたほうがいいよ」: This means "It’s better if you can ride," which sounds like advice rather than a statement of progress.
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「乗れたほうがいいよ」: This means "It’s better if you can ride," which sounds like advice rather than a statement of progress.
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---
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@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ The <Jps colour="c1" text="first は particle"/> is the <Jps colour="c1" text="t
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"I like squid, <Jps colour="c2" text="but"/> I don't like octopus."
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* ドイツ語が話せません。でも、オランダ語<Jps colour="c1" text="は"/>話せます。 I don't speak German, <Jps colour="c1" text="but"/> I can speak Dutch.
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* オランダ語<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>話せます。 (Shorter reply)
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#### 関係する動画
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* [Episode21 「は」は時々（ときどき）「を」と「が」にとって代（か）わるけど、いつ？ "Wa" sometimes replaces "o" and "ga". When?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_h0H-V9C4A) by: [Private Japanese Lessons](https://www.youtube.com/@PrivateJapaneseLessons)
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@ -1,18 +1,32 @@
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## たら、 と、 ば、 なら
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# と、たら、ば、なら
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---
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6. [と when / if > (always)](#と)
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1. [と - when / if > (always)](#と)
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2. [たら - when / if > (then)](#たら)
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3. [なら - when / if > (first)](#なら)
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4. [ば - if](#ば)
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5. [もし - empdasis on: if](#もし)
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---
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### と
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"If I go", can be phrased with:
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* 行く<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>
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* 行け<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
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* 行く<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>
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* 行く<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>
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* 行く<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>
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* 行け<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
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* A<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、B > If / When A happens, B <Jps colour="c1" text="always"/> happens.
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* A<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、B > If / When A happens, <Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>, B happens.
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* A<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、B > If / When A is going to happen, B happens <Jps colour="c1" text="first"/>.
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Note that と、なら and ば cannot be used for something that happened in the past. Only <Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/> can be used here.
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* 食べすぎ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、気持ち悪くなった。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I ate too much, I felt sick.
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---
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#### と
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* 春になる<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、さくらが咲きます。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When / if"/> spring comes, cherry blossoms (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) bloom.
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* デスノートに人の名前を書く<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、その人は死ぬ。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When / if"/> you write a persons name in the deathnote, that person (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) dies.
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@ -29,6 +43,7 @@
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* Emphasis on **when**, the time, when you press.
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* It sounds like an answer to the question: "When does it hurt?" > "When I press here..."
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* 目を<Furigana kanji="閉" kana="と"/>じる<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、何も見えない。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> you close your eyes, you (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) can see nothing.
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* <Furigana kanji="閉" kana="と"/>じる （とじる）- Is used for closing eyes, books.
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* <Furigana kanji="閉" kana="し"/>める （しめる）- Is used for closing doors, windows.
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@ -39,13 +54,14 @@
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* 電気をつける<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、部屋が明るくなる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> you turn on the light, the room (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) becomes bright.
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* 明るい + なる ＞ 明る<Jps colour="c2" text="く"/>なる
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* このボタンを押す<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、飲み物が<Furigana kanji="出" kana="で"/>てくる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> you press this button, a drink (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) comes out.
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* 水に携帯を落す<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、壊れる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> you drop your phone in water it (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) breaks.
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* 牛乳を飲む<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、お腹が痛くなる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I drink milk, my stomach (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) hurts.
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* 痛くなる is used here, to indicate it happens <Jps colour="c2" underline=true text="after"/> you drink it (become hurt).
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* アップルパイを食べる<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、幸せになるます。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I eat apple pie, I (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) became happy.
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* アップルパイを食べ<Jps colour="c2" text="すぎる"/><Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、太る。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I eat <Jps colour="c2" text="too much"/> apple pie, I (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) became fat.
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* お酒を飲み<Jps colour="c2" text="すぎる"/><Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、気持ち悪くなる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I drink <Jps colour="c2" text="too much"/> alcohol, I (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) became sick.
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* アップルパイを食べ<Jps colour="c2" text="すぎる"/><Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、太る。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I eat <Jps colour="c2" text="too much"/> apple pie, I (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) became fat.
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* お酒を飲み<Jps colour="c2" text="すぎる"/><Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、気持ち悪くなる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I drink <Jps colour="c2" text="too much"/> alcohol, I (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) became sick.
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* <Furigana kanji="緊張" kana="きんちょう"/>する<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、話せなくなる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I get nervous, I (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) cannot speak.
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* ピノキオは<Furigana kanji="嘘" kana="うそ"/>をつく<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、鼻が<Furigana kanji="伸" kana="の"/>びる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> Pinokkio lies, his nose (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) grows.
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* 休まない<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、間違えちゃうよ。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I do not rest, you will (<Jps colour="c1" text="definitely"/>) make a mistake (and you will not like that).
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@ -56,12 +72,275 @@ There is a special usage of と, to indicate a **suprising outcome**.
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* ランプをこする<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、ジーニーが<Furigana kanji="現" kana="あらわ"/>れました。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I rubbed the lamp, (<Jps colour="c1" text="surprisingly"/>) a Genie appeared.
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* 「plain present tense」 と 「past tense」
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* 右足<Furigana kanji="出" kana="だ"/>し<Jps colour="c2" text="て"/>、左足<Furigana kanji="出" kana="だ"/>す<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、歩ける。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> you move your right leg forward <Jps colour="c2" text="and then"/> your left leg forward, you (<Jps colour="c1" text="always"/>) can walk.
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---
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###### 関係する動画
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#### たら
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* ["IF" / "WHEN" （と vs たら vs とき) - part 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-THHO4iHWE) by: [Japanese Ammo with Misa](https://www.youtube.com/@JapaneseAmmowithMisa)
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「<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>」can do all the things that <Jps colour="c2" text="と"/> can.
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* 食べすぎる<Jps colour="c2" text="と"/>、太る。 <Jps colour="c2" text="If"/> I eat too much, I (<Jps colour="c2" text="always"/>) get fat.
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* 食べすぎ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、太る。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I eat too much, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I get fat.
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Still, <Jps colour="c2" text="と"/> sounds more natural if something <Jps colour="c2" text="always"/> happens.
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* ピーナッツを食べる<Jps colour="c2" text="と"/>、死んじゃう。 <Jps colour="c2" text="If"/> I eat peanuts, I (<Jps colour="c2" text="always"/>) die. *(Its as good as certain here)*
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* ピーナッツを食べ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、死んじゃう。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I eat peanuts (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I die. *(But, it might not happen, its not always)*
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If clause 1 happens, then clause 2 happens.
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* 明日雨が降っ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、家にいる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> it rains, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I will stay home.
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* 勉強しなかっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、試験に合格できない。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I do not study, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I cannot pass the exam.
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* また<Furigana kanji="遅" kana="おく"/>れ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、<Furigana kanji="首" kana="くび"/>になる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I am late again, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I will get fired.
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* また<Furigana kanji="嘘" kana="うそ"/>をつい<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、<Furigana kanji="許" kana="ゆる"/>さない。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you lie again, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I will not forgive you.
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* 車を運転し<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、<Furigana kanji="事故" kana="じこ"/>を<Furigana kanji="起" kana="お"/>こすと思う。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I drive a car, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I think I will cause an accident.
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* 車を運転し<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、<Furigana kanji="事故" kana="じこ"/>を<Furigana kanji="起" kana="お"/>こすと思う<Jps colour="c2" text="から"/>、運転したくない。 I do not want to drive, <Jps colour="c2" text="because"/> <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I drive a car, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I think I will cause an accident.
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* 質問があっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、<Furigana kanji="遠慮" kana="えんりょ"/>せず何でも聞いてください。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you have a question, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) feel free to ask me anything.
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* お金があっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、何がしたいですか。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you had money, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) what would you do?
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* お金があっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、<Furigana kanji="世界中" kana="せかいじゅう"/>を旅行する。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I had money, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I would travel around the world.
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* 彼女がい<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、このレストランに<Furigana kanji="連" kana="つ"/>れてくる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I had a girlfriend, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I would bring her to this restaurant.
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* 「object」を持ってくる。 To bring (object)
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* 「location」に「someone」を<Furigana kanji="連" kana="つ"/>れてくる。To bring (someone) to (location)
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* 明日はれ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、ピクニックをしましょう。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> in is sunny tomorrow, lets have a picnic.
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In this case, you cannot use と, because it does not always happens, unless:
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* 晴れる<Jps colour="c1" text="と"/>、<Jps colour="c2" text="いつも"/>ピクニックをする。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> it is sunny, I <Jps colour="c2" text="always"/> have a picnic.
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Remember that <Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/> does not always have to mean "<Jps colour="c1" text="if"/>" it can also mean "<Jps colour="c1" text="when"/>".
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* 食べすぎ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、太った。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I ate to much, I got fat (its already a fact, it happened).
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* 食べすぎ<Jps colour="c1" text="とき"/>、太った。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I ate to much, I got fat (Here it emphasises the time. It sounds like an answer to: "**When** did you get fat?").
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* ドアを<Furigana kanji="蹴" kana="け"/>っ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、足の骨が<Furigana kanji="折" kana="お"/>れた。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I kicked the door, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I broke my leg.
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* ドアを<Furigana kanji="蹴" kana="け"/>っ<Jps colour="c1" text="から"/>、足の骨が<Furigana kanji="折" kana="お"/>れた。 <Jps colour="c1" text="Because"/> I kicked the door, I broke my leg.
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* マリオはキノコを<Furigana kanji="取" kana="と"/>ったら、大きくなった。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> Mario took the mushroom, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) he got bigger.
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* <Furigana kanji="失敗" kana="しっぱい"/>し<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、どうする？ What <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I fail?
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* 俺が実はスパイダーマン<Jps colour="c1" text="だったら"/>、どうする？ What <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I am actually Spiderman?
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* Noun + <Jps colour="c1" text="だったら"/>
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* かわい<Jps colour="c1" text="かったら"/>。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> it is cute.
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* その映画が面白<Jps colour="c1" text="かったら"/>、見る。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> the movie is interesting, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I will watch it.
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* い-adjective + <Jps colour="c1" text="かったら"/> *(past tense + ら)*
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* 静か<Jps colour="c1" text="だったら"/>。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> it is quiet.
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* な-adjective + <Jps colour="c1" text="だったら"/> *(past tense + ら)*
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**Negation forms**
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* Verb + なかったら
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* 行かなかったら <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I dont go
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* い-adjective (い > く) + なかったら
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* な-adjective (な > じゃ) + なかったら
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* Noun + じゃ + なかったら
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* 私が行<Jps colour="c1" text="かなかったら"/>、どうする？ <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I don't go, <Jps colour="c1" text="then"/> what do I do?
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* 間に合<Jps colour="c1" text="わなかったら"/>、先に行ってね。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I don't make it on time, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) go ahead (without me).
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* 好きじゃ<Jps colour="c1" text="なかったら"/>、食べなくてもいいよ。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you don't like it, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) you don't have to eat it.
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##### Past form
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Note that と、なら and ば cannot be used for something that happened in the past. Only <Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/> can be used here.
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* 食べすぎ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、気持ち悪くなった。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I ate too much, I felt sick.
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##### て and たら
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There is also a difference in the nuance to "then".
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* テレビをみて、寝た。 I watched television and <Jps colour="c1" text="then"/> went to sleep.
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* But note that clause 1 is not a cause for clause 2. Its an order of things.
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* テレビをみ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、寝た。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> I watched television, <Jps colour="c1" text="then"/> went to sleep.
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* Here, watching television is the cause of going to sleep.
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* ~<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、...て（ください）
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* When / if ~, (please do...)
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* 暑かっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、窓を開けてください。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> it is hot, please open the window.
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* 見つかっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、電話してください。 <Jps colour="c1" text="When"/> you find it, please call me.
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See also the [ば](#ば) form for these request forms.
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---
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#### なら
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なら is used a a conditional if.
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* 日本に行く<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、まずカメラを買う。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I go to Japan, I will get a camera first.
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* Here, you cannot use <Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/> because you want to do something before the other thing happens. <Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/> should be used instead.
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* Clause 2 happens first, then clause 1 happens.
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Difference between たら and なら.
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* <Furigana kanji="大統領" kana="だいとうりょう"/>になっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、お金持ちになる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I become president, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I will be a rich person
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* *(clause 2 is a direct result of clause 1).*
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* <Furigana kanji="大統領" kana="だいとうりょう"/>になっ<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、お金持ちになる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I become president, (<Jps colour="c1" text="first"/>) I will be a rich person
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* *(First you need the money, in order to become president).*
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* 日本に住ん<Jps colour="c1" text="だら"/>、日本語が話せるようになる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I live in Japan, (<Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>) I will be able to speak in Japanese.
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* 日本で働きたい<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、日本語を勉強しなきゃ。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I want to live in Japan, (<Jps colour="c1" text="first"/>) I must study Japanese.
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* 明日雨が降っ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、ピクニックに行かないほうがいい。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> it rains tomorrow, we should not go for a picnic.
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* *(This does not sound like you just found out about the rain, but more like: if A then B. There is no context)*
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* 明日雨が降る<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、ピクニックに行かないほうがいい。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> it rains tomorrow, we should not go for a picnic.
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* *(You already know it might rain, so given the context of A, then B.)*
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* 頭が痛かっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、薬を飲んだほうがいいよ。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> your head hurts, you should take medicine.
|
||||
* *(no context, just a statement)*
|
||||
* 頭が痛い<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、薬を飲んだほうがいいよ。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> your head hurts, you should take medicine.
|
||||
* *(context, maybe your friend told you he or she has a headache)*
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
なら is also used in situations where you do something because someone said so. If you say/do A, I will do B.
|
||||
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="先輩" kana="せんぱい"/>がそう言う<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you (senpai) say so.
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="先輩" kana="せんぱい"/>がそう言う<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、 私も行きます。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you (senpai) say so, I will go too.
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="先輩" kana="せんぱい"/>が好き<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、この曲はすごいはず。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> senpai likes it, then this music it must be awesome.
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="先輩" kana="せんぱい"/>がタバコをやめる<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、私もタバコをやめる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> senpai quits smoking, I will quit smoking too.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
##### 例文
|
||||
|
||||
* ドレスをかう<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、まず<Furigana kanji="痩" kana="や"/>せる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I buy a dress, (<Jps colour="c1" text="first"/>) I will lose weight first.
|
||||
* 子供がほしい<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、結婚しなきゃ（だめだ）。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you want a child, (<Jps colour="c1" text="first"/>) you must get married.
|
||||
* なきゃ（だめだ）means: its no good if you dont do...
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="渋谷駅" kana="しぶやえき"/>に行きたいんですが。 I would like to get to Shibuya station.
|
||||
* ↳ <Furigana kanji="渋谷駅" kana="しぶやえき"/>に行きたい<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、 JR<Furigana kanji="山手線" kana="やまのてせん"/>に<Furigana kanji="乗" kana="の"/>り<Furigana kanji="換" kana="か"/>えてください。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you would like to go to Shibuya station please transfer to the [JR Yamanote line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamanote_Line).
|
||||
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="携帯" kana="けいたい"/>を使う<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、外に出てください。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you want to use your phone, please go outside.
|
||||
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="負" kana="ま"/>けたくない<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、強くならなきゃだめだ！ <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you do not want to lose, you must become stronger!
|
||||
* 強くなら To become strong
|
||||
|
||||
* 日本語が上手になりたい<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>、 もっと練習しなきゃ。<Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> you want to become better at Japanese, you have to practice.
|
||||
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="緑茶" kana="りょくちゃ"/>がありますか。 Do you have green tea?
|
||||
* ↳ <Furigana kanji="紅茶" kana="こうちゃ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>あります。 We have black tea (<Jps colour="c1" text="but not"/> green tea)
|
||||
|
||||
* Lサイズがありますか。 Do you have size L?
|
||||
* ↳ XL<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>あります。 We have XL (<Jps colour="c1" text="but not"/> L).
|
||||
|
||||
* 大阪に行ったことがありますか。 Have you been to Osaka?
|
||||
* ↳ 京都<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>行ったことがあります。 I have been to Kyoto (<Jps colour="c1" text="but not"/> Osaka).
|
||||
|
||||
* あなた<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>出来る！ You can do it (<Jps colour="c1" text="but others cannot"/>).
|
||||
* 五分<Jps colour="c1" text="なら"/>話せます。 I can speak for 5 minutes (<Jps colour="c1" text="but not longer"/>).
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
#### ば
|
||||
|
||||
* A<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、B > If / When A happens, <Jps colour="c1" text="then"/>, B happens. There is more emphasis on the B clause here.
|
||||
* A<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>、B > If A happens, B happens. There is more emphasis on the A clause here.
|
||||
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="翼" kana="つばさ"/>があっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、飛べる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I had wings, I could fly. （focus on what happens if you have wings）
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="翼" kana="つばさ"/>があれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>、飛べる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I had wings, I could fly. （focus on the wings themselves, if only I had wings）
|
||||
|
||||
* お金があっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、家がかえる。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I had money, I could buy a house. (emphasis on what would happen, you may already have the money)
|
||||
* お金があれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>、家が買える。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I had money, I could buy a house. (emphasis on the if-part, maybe you do not have the money)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Conjugation for verbs is done by changing to <Jps colour="c2" text="え"/> and add <Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>.
|
||||
|
||||
* 食べる ＞ 食べ<Jps colour="c2" text="れ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
* 見る ＞ 見<Jps colour="c2" text="れ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
* 書く ＞ 書<Jps colour="c2" text="け"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
* 話す ＞ 話<Jps colour="c2" text="せ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
* する ＞ す<Jps colour="c2" text="れ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="来" kana="く"/>る ＞ <Furigana kanji="来" kana="く"/><Jps colour="c2" text="れ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
|
||||
For adjectives:
|
||||
|
||||
* い-adjectives change to: <Jps colour="c2" text="けれ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
* 寒い ＞ 寒<Jps colour="c2" text="けれ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
* かわいい ＞ かわい<Jps colour="c2" text="けれ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
* いい ＞ よ<Jps colour="c2" text="けれ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
* かっこいい ＞ かっこよ<Jps colour="c2" text="けれ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
|
||||
な-adjectives tend to be used only in formal speech. The たら form is mostly used.
|
||||
|
||||
* な-adjectives change to: <Jps colour="c2" text="であれ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/> / <Jps colour="c2" text="なら"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>
|
||||
* 「<Jps colour="c2" text="であれ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>」is very official in tone.
|
||||
* 「<Jps colour="c2" text="なれ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>」is only used in writing.
|
||||
|
||||
* 静かな ＞ 静か<Jps colour="c2" text="であれ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/> ＞ 静か<Jps colour="c2" text="だっ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/> <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> it is quiet.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
ある and いる are exceptional verbs that can be used with <Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/> even when clause B is "~て（request）".
|
||||
* Adjective / ある / いる + ば、...て（ください）。 When / if, (please do...)
|
||||
|
||||
* 暑<Jps underline=true text="けれ"/><Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>、窓を開けてください。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> it is hot, please open the window.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
It is also used for asking and giving advice.
|
||||
|
||||
* どうすれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>、日本語が上手になりますか。 How can I improve my Japanese? (lit. <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I do how...)
|
||||
* もっと勉強すれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>、日本語が上手になるよ。 <Jps colour="c1" text="If"/> I study more, my Japanese will improve. (the outcome will be good)
|
||||
|
||||
Or expressions of regret, like: "it would have been good if..."
|
||||
|
||||
* 試験の前に、もっと勉強すれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>よかった。 I wish I studied more before the exam. (lit. It would have been good <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I studied more...)
|
||||
* 飛行機に乗る前に、食べれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>よかった。 I wish I had eaten before getting on the airplane. (lit. It would have been good <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I had eaten...)
|
||||
* 電話番号を聞け<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>よかった。 I wish I had asked her phone number. (lit. It would have been good <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I asked...)
|
||||
* カメラを持ってくれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>よかった。 I wish I had brought my camera. (lit. It would have been good <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I brought...)
|
||||
|
||||
And its negation form:
|
||||
|
||||
* パーテイーに<Furigana kanji="来" kana="こ"/>なけれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>よかった。 I wish I didn't come to the party. (lit. It would have been good <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I did not come...)
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="来" kana="く"/>る ＞ <Furigana kanji="来" kana="こ"/>ない
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* 何も言わなけれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>よかった。 I wish I did not say anything. (lit. It would have been good <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I did not say...)
|
||||
* 言う ＞ 言わない
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* <Furigana kanji="秘密" kana="ひみつ"/>を教えなけれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>よかった。 I wish I did not tell my secret. (lit. It would have been good <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I did not tell/teach...)
|
||||
* 教える ＞ 教えない
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
* このゲームを買わなけれ<Jps colour="c1" text="ば"/>よかった。 I wish I did not buy this game. (lit. It would have been good <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> I did not buy...)
|
||||
* 買う ＞ 買わない
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
#### もし
|
||||
|
||||
Puts more <Jps underline=true text="emphasis"/> on "if" to make it hypothetical. Is used in combination with: たら、なら and ば.
|
||||
|
||||
It usually is at the start of the sentence.
|
||||
|
||||
* もし一億円あっ<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、どうする？ What would you do <Jps colour="c1" text="if"/> you had 100 million yen?
|
||||
|
||||
* もし<Furigana kanji="妊娠" kana="にんしん"/>してい<Jps colour="c1" text="たら"/>、何て言う？ What would you say if I am pregnant? (here, a lot more emphasis is put on that it is hypothetical)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
#### 関係する動画
|
||||
|
||||
* ["IF" / "WHEN" （と vs たら vs とき) - part 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-THHO4iHWE) by: [Japanese Ammo with Misa](https://www.youtube.com/@JapaneseAmmowithMisa)
|
||||
* ["IF" / "WHEN" たら - part 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFX0AaNhlEw) by: [Japanese Ammo with Misa](https://www.youtube.com/@JapaneseAmmowithMisa)
|
||||
* ["IF" conditional なら - part 3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_c3V882am0) by: [Japanese Ammo with Misa](https://www.youtube.com/@JapaneseAmmowithMisa)
|
||||
* ["IF" ば & もし & "I wish I did - part 4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELgHWErsA_k) by: [Japanese Ammo with Misa](https://www.youtube.com/@JapaneseAmmowithMisa)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@ -2,16 +2,17 @@
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### 文法
|
||||
1. [のに](#のに)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
### 文法
|
||||
|
||||
* V-る＋<Jps colour="c1" text="ために"/>
|
||||
* N＋の＋<Jps colour="c1" text="ために"/>＋V
|
||||
* Subject は V1＋<Jps colour="c1" text="ために"/> V2
|
||||
* Subject does Verb 2 <Jps colour="c1" text="in order to"/> Verb 1
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
* V-る＋<Jps colour="c1" text="ように"/>
|
||||
* V-ない＋<Jps colour="c1" text="ように"/>
|
||||
@ -74,15 +75,26 @@
|
||||
|
||||
#### のに
|
||||
|
||||
Means, "in order to ~".
|
||||
Means, "in order to ~", "to".
|
||||
|
||||
この絵を描く<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>, 1か月かかります。 It took one month to draw this picture. (lit. <Jps colour="c1" text="In order to"/> draw this picture, it took 1 month.)
|
||||
It is often used with these verb combinations:
|
||||
|
||||
この<Furigana kanji="洗剤" kana="せんざい"/>は、セーターを洗う<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>使います。 This detergent is used <Jps colour="c1" text="in order to"/> wash sweaters.
|
||||
V+<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>+使う V+<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>+役に立つ V+<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>+いい V+<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>+便利 V+<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>+<Furigana kanji="かかる" kana="takes time"/> V+<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>+必要
|
||||
|
||||
スマートフォンは音楽を聞く<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>便利です。 Smartphone are useful <Jps colour="c1" text="to"/> listen to music.
|
||||
|
||||
話している<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>、<Furigana kanji="後輩" kana="こうはい"/>に寝<Jps colour="c2" text="られた"/>。 My kohai fell asleep (I am upset) *<Jps colour="c2" text="passive form"/>*, <Jps colour="c1" text="even though"/> I was talking.
|
||||
* この<Furigana kanji="洗剤" kana="せんざい"/>は、セーターを洗う<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>使います。 This detergent is used <Jps colour="c1" text="in order to"/> wash sweaters.
|
||||
|
||||
* これは紙を切る<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>使うはさみです。 These scissors are used <Jps colour="c1" text="to"/> cut paper.
|
||||
|
||||
* スマートフォンは音楽を聞く<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>便利です。 Smartphone are useful <Jps colour="c1" text="to"/> listen to music.
|
||||
|
||||
* 会議を<Furigana kanji="行" kana="おこな"/>う<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>ズームを使います。 I use Zoom <Jps colour="c1" text="to"/> hold a meeting.
|
||||
|
||||
* お弁当を温める<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>電子レンジを使います。 I use a microwave <Jps colour="c1" text="to"/> heat up a bento meal.
|
||||
|
||||
* この絵を描く<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>, 1か月かかります。 It took one month to draw this picture. (lit. <Jps colour="c1" text="In order to"/> draw this picture, it took 1 month.)
|
||||
|
||||
* 話している<Jps colour="c1" text="のに"/>、<Furigana kanji="後輩" kana="こうはい"/>に寝<Jps colour="c2" text="られた"/>。 My kohai fell asleep (I am upset) *<Jps colour="c2" text="passive form"/>*, <Jps colour="c1" text="even though"/> I was talking.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ These pages contain my notes on learning the language.
|
||||
|
||||
* [Cheat sheet](./japanese/cheat-sheet)
|
||||
* [ために、ように、のに](./japanese/tameni-youni-noni)
|
||||
* [たら、 と、 ば、 なら](./japanese/if-when)
|
||||
* [と、たら、ば、なら](./japanese/if-when)
|
||||
|
||||
### Particles (助詞、じょし)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user