diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/if-when.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/if-when.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96ec4b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/if-when.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +## たら、 と、 ば、 なら + +--- + +6. [と when / if > (always)](#と) + +--- + +### と + +"If I go", can be phrased with: +* 行く +* 行け +* 行く +* 行く + +* 春になる、さくらが咲きます。  spring comes, cherry blossoms () bloom. +* デスノートに人の名前を書く、その人は死ぬ。  you write a persons name in the deathnote, that person () dies. +* デスノートに人の名前を書く、その人は死ぬ。  you write a persons name in the deathnote, that person () dies. + * Puts a lot more emphasis on "the moment I am writing...", rather than: when A happens, then B. +* 歩いていた、お母さんから電話が来た。  I was walking, I got a phone call from my mother (Here, A has nothing to do with B, its not a direct cause). +* 歩く、お母さんから電話が来た。  I was walking, I () got a phone call from my mother (Does not make much sense). + +##### と、とき + +* ここを押す、痛い。  I press here, it () hurts. + * If it has been that way for quite a while and it always hurts. +* ここを押す、痛い。  I press here, it hurts. + * Emphasis on **when**, the time, when you press. + * It sounds like an answer to the question: "When does it hurt?" > "When I press here..." + +* 目をじる、何も見えない。  you close your eyes, you () can see nothing. + * じる (とじる)- Is used for closing eyes, books. + * める (しめる)- Is used for closing doors, windows. +* 眼鏡をかけない、何も見えない。  I do not wear glasses, I () can see nothing. + +* 電気を消す、部屋が暗くなる。  you turn off the light, the room () becomes dark. + * 暗い + なる > 暗なる +* 電気をつける、部屋が明るくなる。  you turn on the light, the room () becomes bright. + * 明るい + なる > 明るなる + +* このボタンを押す、飲み物がてくる。  you press this button, a drink () comes out. +* 水に携帯を落す、壊れる。  you drop your phone in water it () breaks. +* 牛乳を飲む、お腹が痛くなる。  I drink milk, my stomach () hurts. + * 痛くなる is used here, to indicate it happens you drink it (become hurt). +* アップルパイを食べる、幸せになるます。  I eat apple pie, I () became happy. +* アップルパイを食べ、太る。  I eat  apple pie, I () became fat. +* お酒を飲み、気持ち悪くなる。  I drink  alcohol, I () became sick. +* する、話せなくなる。  I get nervous, I () cannot speak. +* ピノキオはをつく、鼻がびる。  Pinokkio lies, his nose () grows. +* 休まない、間違えちゃうよ。  I do not rest, you will () make a mistake (and you will not like that). +* ダブルクリックしない、ファイルがけれないよ。  you do not double-click, you () cannot open the file. +* ピカチュウがまえらない、泣きたくなる。  I cannot catch Pikachu, I () feel like I want to cry. + +There is a special usage of と, to indicate a **suprising outcome**. +* ランプをこする、ジーニーがれました。  I rubbed the lamp, () a Genie appeared. + * 「plain present tense」 と 「past tense」 + +* 右足、左足、歩ける。  you move your right leg forward your left leg forward, you () can walk. + +--- + +###### 関係する動画 + +* ["IF" / "WHEN" (と vs たら vs とき) - part 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-THHO4iHWE) by: [Japanese Ammo with Misa](https://www.youtube.com/@JapaneseAmmowithMisa) + +--- diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/verbs.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/verbs.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8e526d --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/verbs.md @@ -0,0 +1,288 @@ +## Verbs + +1. [意志動詞 Volitional Verbs](#意志動詞) +2. [非意志動詞 Non-Volitional Verbs](#非意志動詞) +3. [他動詞 Transitive Verbs](#他動詞) +4. [自動詞 Intransitive Verbs](#自動詞) +5. [受身形 Passive from](#受身形) +6. [使役形 Causative form](#使役形) + +This page contains my notes on verb conjugation in Japanese. + +--- + +* 作る to make +* 作れる can make (potential form) +* 作れて て-form of the potential form +* 作れてしまう to be able to completely make + +3分で作れてしまう。 You can make it in 3 minutes. *Nuance is, it may seem impossible, but it is possible.* + +--- + +#### 意志動詞 +##### Volitional Verbs + +Volitional verbs describe actions performed with intent or will by the subject. The subject deliberately decides to do the action. These verbs are commonly used to express one's own actions or planned actions. + +*Examples:* + +* 食べる (たべる) - "to eat" +* 行く (いく) - "to go" +* 読む (よむ) - "to read" + +*Example sentence:* + +* 私は本を読む。- "I read a book." + +Here, reading is an intentional action by the subject. + +#### 非意志動詞 +##### Non-Volitional Verbs + +Non-volitional verbs describe actions or states that occur without the subject's intent. These are often natural events, spontaneous actions, or involuntary feelings. They are usually used to indicate something happening without control from the subject. + +*Examples:* + +* 降る (ふる) - "to fall" (as in rain) +* 驚く (おどろく) - "to be surprised" +* 眠る (ねむる) - "to sleep" (natural occurrence of sleepiness) + +*Example sentence:* + +* 雨が降る。- "It rains." +* In this case, the rain falls naturally without a person’s will or intent. + + +#### 他動詞 +##### Transitive Verbs + +Transitive verbs act upon a direct object and require one to express what the action affects directly. Transitive verbs are often marked by the particle を (o), which indicates the object of the action. + +*Examples:* + +* 開ける (あける) - "to open" (something) +* 閉める (しめる) - "to close" (something) +* 作る (つくる) - "to make" + +*Example sentence:* + +* ドアを開ける。 - "I open the door." +* Here, ドア is the object directly affected by the action 開ける (akeru). + + +#### 自動詞 +##### Intransitive Verbs + +Intransitive verbs do not take a direct object. The action occurs without directly impacting another entity, or the subject itself performs or experiences the action. They are often paired with particles like が (ga) to indicate the subject. + +*Examples:* + +* 開く (あく) - "to open" (by itself) +* 閉まる (しまる) - "to close" (by itself) +* 増える (ふえる) - "to increase" + +*Example sentence:* + +* ドアが開く。- "The door opens." +* In this case, 開く shows the door opening without anyone performing the action. + +--- + +#### 受身形 +##### Passive from + +* 笑う to laugh +* 笑 to be laughed at *(passive form)* +* 笑 was laughed at *(passive form)* + +* あいつは笑った。 He laughed. +* あいつに笑。 He laughed at me. (offending) + +* あいつは私の写真を撮った。 He took a picture of me. +* あいつは私の写真を撮。 He took a picture of me. (But I do not like that) + +* 好きな人に。 My crush dumped/rejected me. (And I am upset) +* あいつにを見。 He saw my phone. (And I am upset) +* たくさん食べ。 (someone) ate so much. (and I am upset about that) + +* 見! They saw me! (I don't like that) +* 見! I saw it! (I regret it / Oh noes!) + +Its not always anger, its a negative feeling. + +* の人に歌っているのをかれた。 A deliveryman heard me singing. (And I am emberrassed) +* の人にっているのをみられた。 My neighbour saw me dancing. (And I am emberrassed) + +Not always is the passive form offensive or negative, its also used to speak from a different perspective; + +* 誕生日を聞。 I was asked for my birthday. (...asked me for my birthday) +* 山田さんに誕生日を聞。 Yamada-san asked me for my birthday. + +* 友達に「写真を撮って」って。My friend asked me "please take a picture". +* 友達に写真を撮るようにまれました。 My friend asked me to take a picture. + +Do not use; +* 友達は私に「写真を撮って」ってんだ。 *It sounds pretty unnatural.* + +* この家1987年にてられた。 This house was built in 1987. + +Note that you do not use the particle here, you are not annoyed that this house was built. + +* 山田さんに家てられた。 Yamada-san built a house (and I am upset). + +--- + +Take care, iru and eru verbs conjugate *both* to: ~られる for *Passive* but also for *Potential* forms. + +* 食べ。 *passive form* (to be eaten, someone eats and I am upset) +* 食べ。 *potential form* (can eat) ら is usually omitted in informal speech. + +* お姉ちゃんに食べ。 *passive form* My older sister ate it. (and I am upset) +* 箸で食べ。 *potential form* I can eat with chopsticks. + +This is not the case for every verb though. Check the verbs conjugation rules. +* ~られる *passive form* I am hit (and I am upset). +* ~れる *potential form* I can hit. +* 買われる *passive form* someone buys (and I am upset). +* 買える *potential form* I can buy. +* 言われる *passive form* someone says (and I am upset). +* 言える *potential form* I can say. + +* ばかって言。 I was told I am stupid. +* 彼女に料理がまずかったって言われた。 My girlfriend told me that the food I made tasted bad (and I am upset). + +* 窓が開け。 *potential form* I can open the window. (because of strong wind) +* 窓を開けるよ。 I can open it. (I will do it for you) +* 窓は開いています。 *intransitive verb* The window is open. +* 窓は開け。 *passive form* The window was opened. +* 窓山田さん開け。The window was opened by Yamada-san. +* 山田さん開け。Yamada-san opened the window (and I am upset). + +Negative forms: + +* 食べられない。 will not be eaten / cannot eat +* たべられなかった。 was not eaten / could not eat + +* はライオンに食べられなかった。 The deer was not eaten by the lion. Told from perspective of the deer. +* ライオンはを食べなかった。 Same meaning, but told from perspective of the lion. + +Irregular verbs: + +* ~する > される *passive form* + * ネタバレされた。 Someone spoiled (the story) (and I am upset). + * された。 Someone cheated on me (and I am upset). +* ~する > できる *potential form* + * 料理できる。 I can cook. + +* ~る > られる *passive form* +* ~る > られる *potential form* + +###### 関係する動画 + +* [PASSIVE form┃-られた (rareta)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPOA3OYFnj4) by: [Japanese Ammo with Misa](https://www.youtube.com/@JapaneseAmmowithMisa) + +#### 使役形 +##### Causative form + +* 食べる > 食べ > 食べ To somebody eat. +* 食べる > 食べ > 食べ To somebody eat. +* 友達にケーキを食べ。 I my friend eat a cake. +* 子供に野菜を食べ。 I my children to eat vegetables. + +* 見る > 見させる To make somebody watch. +* みさはみんなにピカチュウの映画を見。 Misa made everyone watch the [Detective Pikachu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detective_Pikachu_(film)) film. + +* 行く > 行 To somebody go. +* コンビニ。 I my kouhai go to the convenience store. +* コンビニ飲み物を買いに行。 I my kouhai go to the convenience store to buy a drink. + +* 飲む > 飲 To somebody drink. +* にお酒を飲ませた。 Senpai kouhai drink alcohol. + +* 立つ > 立たない Do not stand. +* 立つ > 立、立 To someone stand. +* 先生は学生に立。 The teacher the student stand. + +* 待つ > 待 To somebody wait. +* お待たせしました! + +* 写真を撮る > 写真を撮。 To somebody take a picture. + +* 売る > 売 To somebody sell. +* 乗る > 乗 To somebody ride. + +* 押す > 押 To somebody push. +* 話す > 話 To somebody speak. +* みさはみんなに日本語。 Misa everyone speak Japanese. + +* 歌う > 歌わない +* 歌う > 歌 To somebody sing. +* 買う > 買 To somebody buy. +* 言う > 言 To somebody say. +* 笑う > 笑 To somebody laugh. (It does not mean force, the nuance here that it is a good thing to make someone laugh). + +* する >  To somebody do. +* る >  To somebody come. + +* 息子に:ゲームを前に、宿題を。 Before letting my son play a game, I him do homework. + +--- + +##### させてあげる、させてくれる、させてもらう + +To change the meaning into "to somebody do something", add the following grammar: +* に。 I somebody do something. + +* 食べる。 I eat. +* 食べ。 I 。  somebody eat. +* 食べ。 I somebody eat. + +* 子供にケーキをたべ。 I my child eat the cake. + +To say something like "somebody ...", you use this grammar: + +* が。 Somebody do something. +* 食べ。 Somebody eat. +* お母さんがケーキを食べ。 My mother eat the cake. +* お母さんがケーキを食べ。 My mother ate the cake . + +* ける。 To continue, to keep doing +* ゲームを。 To somebody keep playing the game. +* ゲームを。 To somebody keep playing the game. +* 息子にゲームを。 I my son keep playing the game. +* お父さんがゲームを。 My father me keep playing the game. +* お父さんがゲームを。 My father me keep playing the game. + +* 飲む。 To drink +* 飲。 To somebody drink. +* 飲。 To somebody drink. +* 娘にジュースを飲。 I my daughter drink juice. +* 友達が。 My friend me take a sip. +* 先生が答え。 My teacher me answer. +* 両親が一人で日本に行。 My parents me go to Japan by myself. (Nuance: they allowed me this favour), (This shows appreciation). +* 両親に一人で日本に行。 My parents me go to Japan by myself. (Nuance: they didnt really want to, but let me) (I asked them and they let me). + +* 友達の家。 My friend me stay at his/her house (my friend offered me, I did not ask). +* 友達の家。 My friend me stay at his/her house (because I asked). + +Note that negations are not really used with てもらう but only with てくれる。It can be correct, but its not used. +* 友達が。 My friend me stay. +* 両親が食べながらテレビを見。 My parents me watch television while I eat. +* 両親がテレビを見ながら食べJps colour="c2" text="させ"/>。 My parents eat while I watch television. + +* ~もいいですか。 Is it okay if you do something? +* ~ませんか。 Could you do something? +* 使もいいですか。 Is it okay if you use something? +* 使ませんか。 Could you use something? + +Usually, the shorter form is just used though: + +* 使ってもいいですか。 + +###### 関係する動画 + +* [CAUSATIVE form┃-part 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpo7YOytU6c) by: [Japanese Ammo with Misa](https://www.youtube.com/@JapaneseAmmowithMisa) +* [CAUSATIVE form┃-part 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dunBnCI1iP0) by: [Japanese Ammo with Misa](https://www.youtube.com/@JapaneseAmmowithMisa) + + diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/en/main.md b/src/Pages/Japan/en/main.md index f4c09a7..c4a1532 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/en/main.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/en/main.md @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ These pages contain my notes on learning the language. * [Cheat sheet](./japanese/cheat-sheet) * [ために、ように、のに](./japanese/tameni-youni-noni) +* [たら、 と、 ば、 なら](./japanese/if-when) ### Particles (助詞、じょし) @@ -26,3 +27,6 @@ These pages contain my notes on learning the language. * [とか vs たり vs し`](./japanese/toka-tari-shi) +#### Verbs + +* [Verbs](./japanese/verbs) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/Routers.js b/src/Routers.js index b3dff67..8b46532 100644 --- a/src/Routers.js +++ b/src/Routers.js @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import ElmPage from './Pages/Software/elm/ElmPage'; // Japan export const japaneseRoutes = languages.map(lang => { - const pages = ['cheat-sheet', 'contrast-particle', 'dake-vs-shika', 'particles', 'tameni-youni-noni', 'toka-tari-shi']; + const pages = ['cheat-sheet', 'contrast-particle', 'dake-vs-shika', 'if-when', 'particles', 'tameni-youni-noni', 'toka-tari-shi', 'verbs']; return pages.map(page => { const path = `/${lang}/japan/japanese/${page}`; const mdPath = `Japan/Japanese/${lang}/${page}.md`;