diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/cheat-sheet.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/cheat-sheet.md index cc805bd..6784a89 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/cheat-sheet.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/cheat-sheet.md @@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ This is a collection of grammar that I use to glimpse over in order to remember ## 文法 -* これは紙を切る[のに](./tameni-youni-noni#のに)使うはさみです。 These scissors are used cut paper. +* これは紙を切る[のに](./tameni-youni-noni#のに)使うはさみです。  +* These scissors are used cut paper. --- diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/contrast-particle.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/contrast-particle.md index 97af2dd..0b88b44 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/contrast-particle.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/contrast-particle.md @@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ The は particle can be used to indicate contrast. -私背が低いですが、ケビン背が高いです。 - -"I'm short, Kevin is tall." +* 私背が低いですが、ケビン背が高いです。 +* I'm short, Kevin is tall. The is the , the is the . @@ -12,11 +11,11 @@ The is the -僕イカすきだけど、タコ好きじゃない。 +* 僕イカすきだけど、タコ好きじゃない。 +* I like squid, I don't like octopus. -"I like squid, I don't like octopus." - -* ドイツ語が話せません。でも、オランダ語話せます。 I don't speak German, I can speak Dutch. +* ドイツ語が話せません。でも、オランダ語話せます。  +* I don't speak German, I can speak Dutch. * オランダ語話せます。 (Shorter reply) diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/tameni-youni-noni.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/tameni-youni-noni.md index f90e498..6f9eb81 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/tameni-youni-noni.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/tameni-youni-noni.md @@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ --- -* 友達に写真を撮るみました。 I asked my friend to take a picture. lit. let friend take picture, I asked favour. +* 友達に写真を撮るみました。  +* I asked my friend to take a picture. lit. let friend take picture, I asked favour. --- @@ -82,19 +83,26 @@ It is often used with these verb combinations: V++使う V++役に立つ V++いい V++便利 V++ V++必要   -* このは、セーターを洗う使います。 This detergent is used wash sweaters. +* このは、セーターを洗う使います。  +* This detergent is used wash sweaters. -* これは紙を切る使うはさみです。 These scissors are used cut paper. +* これは紙を切る使うはさみです。  +* These scissors are used cut paper. -* スマートフォンは音楽を聞く便利です。 Smartphone are useful listen to music. +* スマートフォンは音楽を聞く便利です。  +* Smartphone are useful listen to music. -* 会議をズームを使います。 I use Zoom hold a meeting. +* 会議をズームを使います。  +* I use Zoom hold a meeting. -* お弁当を温める電子レンジを使います。 I use a microwave heat up a bento meal. +* お弁当を温める電子レンジを使います。  +* I use a microwave heat up a bento meal. -* この絵を描く, 1か月かかります。 It took one month to draw this picture. (lit. draw this picture, it took 1 month.) +* この絵を描く, 1か月かかります。  +* It took one month to draw this picture. (lit. draw this picture, it took 1 month.) -* 話しているに寝。 My kohai fell asleep (I am upset) **, I was talking. +* 話しているに寝。  +* My kohai fell asleep (I am upset) **, I was talking. --- diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/verbs.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/verbs.md index b968bde..c1336d2 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/verbs.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/verbs.md @@ -107,79 +107,115 @@ Intransitive verbs do not take a direct object. The action occurs without direct * あいつは笑った。 He laughed. * あいつに笑。 He laughed at me. (offending) -* あいつは私の写真を撮った。 He took a picture of me. -* あいつは私の写真を撮。 He took a picture of me. (But I do not like that) +* あいつは私の写真を撮った。  +* He took a picture of me. +* あいつは私の写真を撮。  +* He took a picture of me. (But I do not like that) -* 好きな人に。 My crush dumped/rejected me. (And I am upset) -* あいつにを見。 He saw my phone. (And I am upset) -* たくさん食べ。 (someone) ate so much. (and I am upset about that) +* 好きな人に。  +* My crush dumped/rejected me. (And I am upset) +* あいつにを見。  +* He saw my phone. (And I am upset) +* たくさん食べ。  +* (someone) ate so much. (and I am upset about that) -* 見! They saw me! (I don't like that) -* 見! I saw it! (I regret it / Oh noes!) +* 見!  +* They saw me! (I don't like that) +* 見!  +* I saw it! (I regret it / Oh noes!) Its not always anger, its a negative feeling. -* の人に歌っているのをかれた。 A deliveryman heard me singing. (And I am emberrassed) -* の人にっているのをみられた。 My neighbour saw me dancing. (And I am emberrassed) +* の人に歌っているのをかれた。  +* A deliveryman heard me singing. (And I am emberrassed) +* の人にっているのをみられた。  +* My neighbour saw me dancing. (And I am emberrassed) Not always is the passive form offensive or negative, its also used to speak from a different perspective; -* 誕生日を聞。 I was asked for my birthday. (...asked me for my birthday) -* 山田さんに誕生日を聞。 Yamada-san asked me for my birthday. +* 誕生日を聞。  +* I was asked for my birthday. (...asked me for my birthday) +* 山田さんに誕生日を聞。  +* Yamada-san asked me for my birthday. -* 友達に「写真を撮って」って。 My friend asked me "please take a picture". -* 友達に写真を撮るようにまれました。 My friend asked me to take a picture. +* 友達に「写真を撮って」って。  +* My friend asked me "please take a picture". +* 友達に写真を撮るようにまれました。  +* My friend asked me to take a picture. Do not use; * 友達は私に「写真を撮って」ってんだ。 *It sounds pretty unnatural.* -* この家1987年にてられた。 This house was built in 1987. +* この家1987年にてられた。  +* This house was built in 1987. Note that you do not use the particle here, you are not annoyed that this house was built. -* 山田さんに家てられた。 Yamada-san built a house (and I am upset). +* 山田さんに家てられた。  +* Yamada-san built a house (and I am upset). --- Take care, iru and eru verbs conjugate *both* to: ~られる for *Passive* but also for *Potential* forms. -* 食べ。 *passive form* (to be eaten, someone eats and I am upset) -* 食べ。 *potential form* (can eat) ら is usually omitted in informal speech. +* 食べ。 *passive form* +* (to be eaten, someone eats and I am upset) +* 食べ。 *potential form* +* (can eat) ら is usually omitted in informal speech. -* お姉ちゃんに食べ。 *passive form* My older sister ate it. (and I am upset) -* 箸で食べ。 *potential form* I can eat with chopsticks. +* お姉ちゃんに食べ。 *passive form* +* My older sister ate it. (and I am upset) +* 箸で食べ。 *potential form* +* I can eat with chopsticks. This is not the case for every verb though. Check the verbs conjugation rules. -* ~られる *passive form* I am hit (and I am upset). -* ~れる *potential form* I can hit. -* 買われる *passive form* someone buys (and I am upset). -* 買える *potential form* I can buy. -* 言われる *passive form* someone says (and I am upset). -* 言える *potential form* I can say. +* ~られる *passive form* +* I am hit (and I am upset). +* ~れる *potential form*  +* I can hit. +* 買われる *passive form* +* someone buys (and I am upset). +* 買える *potential form*  +* I can buy. +* 言われる *passive form* +* someone says (and I am upset). +* 言える *potential form* +* I can say. -* ばかって言。 I was told I am stupid. -* 彼女に料理がまずかったって言われた。 My girlfriend told me that the food I made tasted bad (and I am upset). +* ばかって言。  +* I was told I am stupid. +* 彼女に料理がまずかったって言われた。  +* My girlfriend told me that the food I made tasted bad (and I am upset). -* 窓が開け。 *potential form* I can open the window. (because of strong wind) -* 窓を開けるよ。 I can open it. (I will do it for you) -* 窓は開いています。 *intransitive verb* The window is open. -* 窓は開け。 *passive form* The window was opened. -* 窓山田さん開け。The window was opened by Yamada-san. -* 山田さん開け。Yamada-san opened the window (and I am upset). +* 窓が開け。 *potential form* +* I can open the window (because of strong wind). +* 窓を開けるよ。 +* I can open it (I will do it for you). +* 窓は開いています。 *intransitive verb* +* The window is open. +* 窓は開け。 *passive form* +* The window was opened. +* 窓山田さん開け。 +* The window was opened by Yamada-san. +* 山田さん開け。 +* Yamada-san opened the window (and I am upset). Negative forms: * 食べられない。 will not be eaten / cannot eat * たべられなかった。 was not eaten / could not eat -* はライオンに食べられなかった。 The deer was not eaten by the lion. Told from perspective of the deer. -* ライオンはを食べなかった。 Same meaning, but told from perspective of the lion. +* はライオンに食べられなかった。  +* The deer was not eaten by the lion. Told from perspective of the deer. +* ライオンはを食べなかった。  +* Same meaning, but told from perspective of the lion. Irregular verbs: * ~する > される *passive form* * ネタバレされた。 Someone spoiled (the story) (and I am upset). - * された。 Someone cheated on me (and I am upset). + * された。  + * Someone cheated on me (and I am upset). * ~する > できる *potential form* @@ -204,18 +240,23 @@ Irregular verbs: * 子供に野菜を食べ。 I my children to eat vegetables. * 見る > 見させる To make somebody watch. -* みさはみんなにピカチュウの映画を見。 Misa made everyone watch the [Detective Pikachu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detective_Pikachu_(film)) film. +* みさはみんなにピカチュウの映画を見。  +* Misa made everyone watch the [Detective Pikachu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detective_Pikachu_(film)) film. * 行く > 行 To somebody go. -* コンビニ。 I my kouhai go to the convenience store. -* コンビニ飲み物を買いに行。 I my kouhai go to the convenience store to buy a drink. +* コンビニ。  +* I my kouhai go to the convenience store. +* コンビニ飲み物を買いに行。  +* I my kouhai go to the convenience store to buy a drink. * 飲む > 飲 To somebody drink. -* にお酒を飲ませた。 Senpai kouhai drink alcohol. +* にお酒を飲ませた。  +* Senpai kouhai drink alcohol. * 立つ > 立たない Do not stand. * 立つ > 立、立 To someone stand. -* 先生は学生に立。 The teacher the student stand. +* 先生は学生に立。  +* The teacher the student stand. * 待つ > 待 To somebody wait. * お待たせしました! @@ -227,7 +268,8 @@ Irregular verbs: * 押す > 押 To somebody push. * 話す > 話 To somebody speak. -* みさはみんなに日本語。 Misa everyone speak Japanese. +* みさはみんなに日本語。  +* Misa everyone speak Japanese. * 歌う > 歌わない * 歌う > 歌 To somebody sing. @@ -238,7 +280,8 @@ Irregular verbs: * する >  To somebody do. * る >  To somebody come. -* 息子に:ゲームを前に、宿題を。 Before letting my son play a game, I him do homework. +* 息子に:ゲームを前に、宿題を。  +* Before letting my son play a game, I him do homework. --- @@ -257,37 +300,55 @@ To say something like "somebody ...", you use th * が。 Somebody do something. * 食べ。 Somebody eat. -* お母さんがケーキを食べ。 My mother eat the cake. -* お母さんがケーキを食べ。 My mother ate the cake . +* お母さんがケーキを食べ。  +* My mother eat the cake. +* お母さんがケーキを食べ。  +* My mother ate the cake . * ける。 To continue, to keep doing * ゲームを。 To somebody keep playing the game. * ゲームを。 To somebody keep playing the game. -* 息子にゲームを。 I my son keep playing the game. -* お父さんがゲームを。 My father me keep playing the game. -* お父さんがゲームを。 My father me keep playing the game. +* 息子にゲームを。  +* I my son keep playing the game. +* お父さんがゲームを。  +* My father me keep playing the game. +* お父さんがゲームを。  +* My father me keep playing the game. * 飲む。 To drink * 飲。 To somebody drink. * 飲。 To somebody drink. -* 娘にジュースを飲。 I my daughter drink juice. -* 友達が。 My friend me take a sip. -* 先生が答え。 My teacher me answer. -* 両親が一人で日本に行。 My parents me go to Japan by myself. (Nuance: they allowed me this favour), (This shows appreciation). -* 両親に一人で日本に行。 My parents me go to Japan by myself. (Nuance: they didnt really want to, but let me) (I asked them and they let me). +* 娘にジュースを飲。  +* I my daughter drink juice. +* 友達が。  +* My friend me take a sip. +* 先生が答え。  +* My teacher me answer. +* 両親が一人で日本に行。  +* My parents me go to Japan by myself. (Nuance: they allowed me this favour), (This shows appreciation). +* 両親に一人で日本に行。  +* My parents me go to Japan by myself. (Nuance: they didnt really want to, but let me) (I asked them and they let me). -* 友達の家。 My friend me stay at his/her house (my friend offered me, I did not ask). -* 友達の家。 My friend me stay at his/her house (because I asked). +* 友達の家 +* My friend me stay at his/her house (my friend offered me, I did not ask). +* 友達の家。  +* My friend me stay at his/her house (because I asked). Note that negations are not really used with てもらう but only with てくれる。It can be correct, but its not used. * 友達が。 My friend me stay. -* 両親が食べながらテレビを見。 My parents me watch television while I eat. -* 両親がテレビを見ながら食べJps colour="c2" text="させ"/>。 My parents eat while I watch television. +* 両親が食べながらテレビを見。  +* My parents me watch television while I eat. +* 両親がテレビを見ながら食べJps colour="c2" text="させ"/>。  +* My parents eat while I watch television. -* ~もいいですか。 Is it okay if you do something? -* ~ませんか。 Could you do something? -* 使もいいですか。 Is it okay if you use something? -* 使ませんか。 Could you use something? +* ~もいいですか。  +* Is it okay if you do something? +* ~ませんか。  +* Could you do something? +* 使もいいですか。  +* Is it okay if you use something? +* 使ませんか。  +* Could you use something? Usually, the shorter form is just used though: