diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/contrast-particle.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/contrast-particle.md index 0b88b44..deeda13 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/contrast-particle.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/contrast-particle.md @@ -2,21 +2,25 @@ The は particle can be used to indicate contrast. -* 私背が低いですが、ケビン背が高いです。 -* I'm short, Kevin is tall. +* 私背が低いですが、ケビン背が高いです。 +* I'm short, Kevin is tall. -The is the , the is the . +The is the , the is the . --- -* 僕イカすきだけど、タコ好きじゃない。 -* I like squid, I don't like octopus. +* 僕イカすきだけど、タコ好きじゃない。 +* I like squid, I don't like octopus. * ドイツ語が話せません。でも、オランダ語話せます。  * I don't speak German, I can speak Dutch. - * オランダ語話せます。 (Shorter reply) + * オランダ語話せます。 *(Shorter reply)* + + +* 山本さんは野球しますが、テニスしません。 +* Yamamoto-san plays baseball, does not play tennis. #### 関係する動画 diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/expressions.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/expressions.md index 30462cb..ef8162e 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/expressions.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/expressions.md @@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ Notes on some common expressions in Japanese. --- -* どうぞおかけください。 -* Please take a seat. +**Entering a home** * おじゃまします。 * Said by a visitor entering a house. @@ -21,9 +20,127 @@ Notes on some common expressions in Japanese. --- +**Introduction** + * をします。 * This is a self-introduction, said when people explain who they are, usually to a group. +--- + +**Telephone** + +* ケビンともうします、松原さんおねがいします。 +* Hello, this is Kevin, I want to speak to Matsubara-san please. + +--- + +**Seats** + +* どうぞおかけください。 +* Please take a seat. + +* どうぞこちらにおなってください。 +* Pleas take a seat here. + +--- + +**こちらこそう** + +Lit. こちら *(this person)* こそ *(it is)* + +* 山田さん:「どうもありがとうございます。」 +* 田中さん:「こちらこそ。」 +* Yamada-san: Thank you very much. +* Tanaka-san: No, thank you very much. + + +* 山田さん:「ごめんなさい。」 +* 田中さん:「いいえ、こちらこそ。 ごめんあさい。」 +* Yamada-san: I am sorry. +* Tanaka-san: No, I am the one that should be sorry. + +--- + +**おかげさまで** + +Lit. *I am in the shadow of the gods.* + +Used to express: *thanks to you*, or: *thank you for asking* + +* 山田さん:「ご主人はお元気ですか。」 +* 田中さん:「はい、おかげさまで。」 + * Do not reply with: + * お元気です。 (the お sounds wrong here) + + +* おかげさまで元気です。 +* I am doing well, thank you for asking. + +--- + +**どういたしまして** + +* 山田さん:「手伝ってくれてありがとう。」 +* 田中さん:「どういたしまして。」 +* Yamada-san: Thank you very much for helping. +* Tanaka-san: You are welcome. + + +--- + +**ご自由に** + +* 山田さん:「このパンフレットをもらってもいいですか。」 +* 田中さん:「ええ。ごに どうぞ。」 +* Yamada-san: Can I take this pamflet? +* Tanaka-san: Sure. Please help yourself. + * Note, there is no such reply as: まらってください。 + +自由 literally means: *Freedom*, *Liberty*. + +* どうぞご自由にケーキを食べて下さい。 +* Please help yourself to some cake + +--- + +**承知いたしました** + +Often a reply to express a request is understood. Usually towards a customer. + +* 山田さん:「これ、プレゼントなので、つつんでもらえますか。」 +* 田中さん:「しょうちいたしました。」 +* Yamada-san: This is a gift, could you wrap it for me? +* Tanaka-san: I understand. + +かしこまりました。 Is also often used in this case. + +しました。 Is often a reply to a command. + +--- + +**New years greetings** + +* 山田さん:「あけまして おめでとうございます。」 +* 田中さん:「おめでとうございます。」 + +Simply reply with that, do not use: + +* どうぞよいお年ね。 +* あめでとうございました。 + +--- + +**Requests** + +* テレビの音がちょっと大きすぎませんか。 + * ↳ もう少し小さくしましょうか。 + + +* Dont you think the television is a bit loud? + * ↳ Shall I turn the volume down? + +--- + **Image source:** * [irasutoya.com](https://www.irasutoya.com/) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/if-when.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/if-when.md index c769832..24495aa 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/if-when.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/if-when.md @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ See also the [ば](#ば) form for these request forms. なら is used a a conditional if. * Conditional > Grammar > Outcome -* Verb **Dictionarp-form** > なら +* Verb **Dictionary-form** > なら Note, sometimes の or ん is placed before なら、but it does not change the meaning. diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/mae-ni-ato-de.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/mae-ni-ato-de.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38e5023 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/mae-ni-ato-de.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +## 前に、後で + +Some grammer to express *before*, *in front of* and *after*, *later*. + +--- + +#### 前に + +* Verb **Dictionary-form** > 前に +* Noun +**の** > 前に + +--- + +**Verbs** + +* 映画を見る食事をします。 +* I will have a meal watching a movie. + +* 映画を見る食事をしました。 +* I had a meal watching a movie. + +**Nouns** + +* 自転車がたくさんあります。 +* the post office, there are a lot of bicycles. + +* 旅行を買っておきます。 +* I will buy tickets the trip. + +--- + +#### 後で + +* Verb **Past-form** > 後で +* Noun +**の** > 後で + +--- + +**Verbs** + +* お酒を飲んだ、運転してはダメですよ。 +* drinking alcohol, you cannot drive. + +**Nouns** + +* 宿題、友達と遊びに行きます。 +* doing homework, I will go out with my friend. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/particles.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/particles.md index 2608e3e..0be6ec0 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/particles.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/particles.md @@ -61,6 +61,16 @@ Note that: ここからあの作る。To make rice balls. * おにぎる作れますか。Can you make rice balls? +##### を > が + +Some instances where I thought it would be を、but in should actually be instead. + +* 最近は日本のいろいろなで読まれています。 +* Recently, Japanese magazines are being read in many countries. + +* 明日9時半から大切な会議われます。 +* There will be an important meeting tomorrow from 9:30. + --- #### を @@ -93,27 +103,56 @@ Note that: ここからあの -こっちてください。Come over here, this way (in this direction). +* こっちてください。 +* Come over here, this way (in this direction). -こっちてください。Come over here, this exact spot. +* こっちてください。 +* Come over here, this exact spot. -北行ってください。Head north. +* 北行ってください。 +* Head north. + +* Somewhere の行き方。 +* The way to get to somewhere. + +* ~えにてくれる? +* Will you pick me up at 4:30? -Somewhere の行き方。The way to get to somewhere. -~えにてくれる? Will you pick me up at 4:30? * Time: * 一時、at 1:00. + + * Days of the week: * 日曜日、on sunday. + + * Months: * 、in January. + + * Note, this is not used always, like: * 今日: * 明日: + 一週間二回ジムに行く。Twice a week, I go to the gym. + +##### が > に + +Some instances where I thought it would be が、but in should actually be instead. + +* 私は昨日夜の12時に友だちられて、ってしまった。 +* I was in trouble because a friend came over at 12 o'clock last night. + +* 私は娘宿題をさせた。 +* I made my daughter do her homework. + +* バスを待って いた とき、私は友だち名前をばれた。 +* When I was waiting for the bus, my friend called my name. + + ##### まで 空港お願いします。To the airport please. diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/rashii-kamoshirenai-darou.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/rashii-kamoshirenai-darou.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4112c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/rashii-kamoshirenai-darou.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +## らしい、かもしれない、だろう + +--- + +1. [らしい](#らしい) +2. [かもしれない](#かもしれない) +3. [どろう](#どろう) + +--- + +#### らしい + +らしい is used to express: *seems*, *I heard that*, *looks like* + +* Verb **Dictionary-form** > らしい + +--- + +* 明日は雨が降る。 +* It that it will rain tomorrow. + +* 駅前にスーパーが建つ。 +* It a supermarket will be built in front of the station. + +* あの会社はする。 +* the company will go bankrupt. + +* 山田さんは外国へです。 *(Past form)* +* Yamada-san went to a foreign country yesterday. + +--- + + +#### かもしれない + +かもしれない is used to express: *might* + +Such as speculation or a guess. + +* Verb **Dictionary-form** > かもしれない + +--- + +* 姉は来年する。 +* My older sister marry next year. + +--- + +#### だろう + +だろう is used to express: *probably* + +* Verb **Dictionary-form** > だろう + +It is the presumptive form of だ. + +--- + +* 午後が風。 +* The wind will blow in the afternoon. + +* 電車は五分ほどれる。 +* The train will be 5 minutes late. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/tameni-youni-noni.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/tameni-youni-noni.md index a72f490..296c510 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/tameni-youni-noni.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/tameni-youni-noni.md @@ -54,6 +54,15 @@ #### ために +* Verb **Dictionary-form** > ために +* Of a **volitional verb** + +Or, + +* Noun +**の** > ために + +--- + **Verbs** * 早く家に帰る走る。 @@ -65,6 +74,9 @@ * 出かけるします。 * I am getting ready go out. +* 海外で働く、英語を勉強しています。 +* I am studying English work abroad. + **Nouns** * 家族ケーキを焼く。 @@ -92,6 +104,18 @@ Expresses the purpose of doing something. It expresses that the speaker is doing Some ように are meant as: **in order to**, **so that** +--- + +* Verb **Dictionary-form** > ように +* Of a **non-volitional verb** + +Or, + +* Verb **Potential-form** > ように +* Verb **ない-form** > ように + +--- + * 早く起きられる寝る。 * I am going to sleep I can wake up early. @@ -104,15 +128,21 @@ Some ように are meant as: **in order to**, **so that** * ビジネスでする、たくさん勉強します。 *(non-volitional verb)* * I study a lot I am successful in business. -* 日本語でマンガが読める、 勉強します。 *(potential form of verb)* +* 日本語でマンガが読める、勉強します。 *(potential form of verb)* * I study I can read manga in Japanese. -* 誰かが食べない、 プリンになまえ書こう。 *(ない-form of verb)* +* 誰かが食べない、プリンになまえ書こう。 *(ない-form of verb)* * I will write my name on the pudding nobody eats it. -* わすれない、 言っておくね。 *(ない-form of verb)* +* わすれない、言っておくね。 *(ない-form of verb)* * I will tell you, I will not forget. +* 練習して少し運転できるなりました。 +* After three days of practice, I was able drive a little. + +* 寝る前に甘い物を食べないしています。 +* I try not eat sweets before going to bed. + --- Other ように / ような are meant as: **like**, **similar to**, **as** @@ -162,8 +192,8 @@ Other ように / ような are meant as: **like**, **similar to**, **as** * 早く起きられる寝る。 * I am going to sleep I can wake up early. -* No difference, but expresses the speaker's desire to *achieve their purpose*. -* is more *neutral* and *objective*. +* 「」 is more **neutral** and **objective**. +* No difference, but 「」 expresses the speaker's desire to **achieve their purpose**. --- @@ -192,10 +222,10 @@ V++使う V++ * I use a microwave heat up a bento meal. * この絵を描く, 1か月かかります。  -* It took one month to draw this picture. (lit. draw this picture, it took 1 month.) +* It took one month to draw this picture. *(lit. draw this picture, it took 1 month.)* * 話しているに寝。  -* My kohai fell asleep (I am upset) **, I was talking. +* My kohai fell asleep *(I am upset, )*, I was talking. --- diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/te-oku.md b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/te-oku.md index dd06b36..2e8a0d6 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/te-oku.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/Japanese/en/te-oku.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ * I will get a haircut , because I will go to the party next week. * 来週の試験のため、漢字を勉強し。 -* I studied kanji for the exam next week. +* I studied kanji because of the exam next week. #### 2. To leave as is, without doing anything. diff --git a/src/Pages/Japan/en/main.md b/src/Pages/Japan/en/main.md index d13351b..21e9456 100644 --- a/src/Pages/Japan/en/main.md +++ b/src/Pages/Japan/en/main.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -The country of Japan and the Japanese language has facinated me for many years now, for I am married with a Japanese. To become fluent means practice every single day, no exceptions. +These pages contain my notes on learning the Japanese language and culture. * [Wani Kani](https://www.wanikani.com/users/PA4KEV) * [Map of Japan](./japanMap) @@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ The country of Japan and the Japanese language has facinated me for many years n ## Japanese language notes -These pages contain my notes on learning the language. - * [Cheat sheet](./japanese/cheat-sheet) * [Expressions](./japanese/expressions) * [ために、ように、のに](./japanese/tameni-youni-noni) * [Conditionals: と、たら、ば、なら](./japanese/if-when) * [けど、けれど、けれども、のに](./japanese/but) +* [Maybe: らしい、かもしれない、だろう](./japanese/rashii-kamoshirenai-darou) +* [前に、後で](./japanese/mae-ni-ato-de) ### て-forms @@ -37,4 +37,10 @@ These pages contain my notes on learning the language. #### Verbs -* [Verbs](./japanese/verbs) \ No newline at end of file +* [Verbs](./japanese/verbs) + +--- + +#### Useful websites + +* [mlcjapanese.co.jp](https://www.mlcjapanese.co.jp/) diff --git a/src/Routers.js b/src/Routers.js index c508187..ede891f 100644 --- a/src/Routers.js +++ b/src/Routers.js @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import ElmPage from './Pages/Software/elm/ElmPage'; // Japan export const japaneseRoutes = languages.map(lang => { - const pages = ['but', 'cheat-sheet', 'contrast-particle', 'dake-vs-shika', 'expressions', 'if-when', 'particles', 'tameni-youni-noni', 'te-form', 'te-oku', 'toka-tari-shi', 'verbs']; + const pages = ['but', 'cheat-sheet', 'contrast-particle', 'dake-vs-shika', 'expressions', 'if-when', 'mae-ni-ato-de', 'particles', 'rashii-kamoshirenai-darou', 'tameni-youni-noni', 'te-form', 'te-oku', 'toka-tari-shi', 'verbs']; return pages.map(page => { const path = `/${lang}/japan/japanese/${page}`; const mdPath = `Japan/Japanese/${lang}/${page}.md`;